Huygens wavefront refraction
Every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets. A slower wave advances less far during the same time, tilting the new wavefront. The frequency remains fixed at the boundary.
Run this experiment →Physics · Class 12
Wave Optics
5 free physics experiments and lesson notes for Wave Optics, with model limits, worked examples and Tamil explanations.
Coherence and visibility
A stable phase relation preserves interference over time. Random relative phase washes out the cross term in the averaged intensity. Even perfectly coherent unequal sources do not reach complete darkness.
Run this experiment →Young double-slit fringes
Path difference changes across the screen. Constructive and destructive interference repeat at equal spatial intervals in the small-angle limit. Wavelength and screen distance broaden fringes; slit separation narrows them.
Run this experiment →Single-slit diffraction
Different parts of one aperture interfere. A narrow aperture spreads light more widely. The central maximum lies between the first minima and is twice the approximate width of each adjacent order interval.
Run this experiment →Polarizers and Brewster angle
The first polarizer selects a transverse direction. The analyzer passes the squared projection along its axis. At Brewster incidence, reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular and the reflected light is linearly polarized.
Run this experiment →