Physics · Class 12
6 free physics experiments and lesson notes for Nuclei, with model limits, worked examples and Tamil explanations.
Protons define an element; neutrons distinguish its isotopes. Nuclear radius grows with the cube root of nucleon number, making average nuclear density approximately constant. The strong interaction is short ranged.
Run this experiment →A bound system has less mass than its separated constituents. The mass difference corresponds to the energy needed to separate the nucleus. Atomic and nuclear mass conventions must not be mixed.
Run this experiment →Intermediate nuclei have high binding per nucleon. Light nuclei can release energy by fusion and heavy nuclei by suitable fission when products have greater total binding. The curve is a trend, not a complete stability rule.
Run this experiment →Nucleon number and charge balance before comparing masses. A positive Q is released energy for the specified products. Fusion and fission are different rearrangements but obey the same mass-energy accounting.
Run this experiment →Alpha is a helium nucleus, beta minus an electron from a nuclear conversion, and gamma a photon. Their charge and mass differ, producing different deflection and penetration behavior. Only gamma emission leaves both A and Z unchanged.
Run this experiment →Half-life is a population statistic. After each half-life the expected remaining count halves, while any small sample may fluctuate. Mean lifetime is longer than half-life and equals1/λ.
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