Physics · Practical apparatus

Bernoulli flow apparatus

Narrowing a flowing tube raises speed and lowers pressure at equal height. Compare pressure-tube levels through the pressure-head readout; extreme invalid pressure predictions are flagged.

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Bernoulli flow apparatus

குழாய் குறுகினால் வேகம் உயரும்; ஒரே உயரத்தில் அழுத்தம் குறையும். அழுத்த உயர வேறுபாடு பெர்னூலி விதியை காட்டும்.

Key notes, relationships and model limits

Key relationship

A₁v₁=A₂v₂; p+½ρv²+ρgz=constant.

Practical tip

Narrowing a flowing tube raises speed and lowers pressure at equal height. Compare pressure-tube levels through the pressure-head readout; extreme invalid pressure predictions are flagged.

Common trap

Compare pressure, speed and height together in Bernoulli’s equation; pressure is not separately conserved.

Model limits

steady incompressible inviscid flow; no real pressure-tap resistance. Negative absolute pressure flags an invalid ideal prediction, where cavitation must be considered.

What you will learn

Adjust bernoulli flow apparatus apparatus, observe its reading and derive the indicated physical quantity.

Try the experiment

Try both scenarios, change one control, and predict the result before checking the graph and readouts.

Think of it this way

Change one input while keeping the others fixed, as you would in a controlled experiment.

Worked example

A radius change from 2 cm to 1 cm multiplies speed by four; at 1 m/s inlet, pressure drops 7.5 kPa for water.

Why this matters

The model connects bernoulli flow apparatus with an observable reading. Check the equation and assumptions before applying it.

Before you start

SI units · algebra · graph reading

Check your understanding

In a horizontal ideal constriction, higher flow speed accompanies?

Higher static pressure.
Lower static pressure.
Exactly unchanged static pressure.

Read the explanation

Lower static pressure.

Course connection: Virtual apparatus preparation. Check exact board/exam membership in the syllabus sources. Physical practical work remains necessary.